A randomized,double-blind,controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an intranasally administered trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine with adjuvant LTh(αK): A phase I study

Background

A nasal influenza vaccine has been available only in a live attenuated form, which limits the range of recipients to immune-competent individuals. The present study evaluated a newly developed intranasal inactivated influenza vaccine with a novel adjuvant, heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) derived from E. coli (LTh(αK)).

益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床研究

目的观察益气活血化瘀方治疗高血压性脑基底节出血术后的临床疗效。方法将60例高血压性脑基底节出血患者随机分为观察组28例与对照组32例,对照组予单纯手术治疗,观察组在手术基础上联合益气活血化瘀方治疗。观察两组患者在治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷指数(GCS)评分、肌力、血肿体积、中医证候积分、住院时间,并评估疗效。结果经治疗后,两组患者GCS评分明显下降,血肿体积明显缩小,中医证候积分明显降低,术后瘫痪侧肌力均明显改善(均P<0.05),观察组改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组中医证候总有效率为75.00%,明显高于对照组的59.38%(P<0.05);观察组的住院时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论益气活血化瘀方联合手术治疗可明显改善高血压性脑基底节出血患者的GCS评分、肌力,降低中医证候积分,缩小血肿体积,缩短住院时间,提高中医证候疗效。     

基于神经网络和支持向量机的中医体质辨识模型研究＊

目的 提出基于舌象和形体特征的中医体质辨识模型，探讨中医以舌辨质客观化、规范化方法。方法 提取客观化的舌象特征（舌质与舌苔的色度和饱和度、舌苔纹理的平均亮度、平滑度以及齿痕特征）和形体特征，建立基于神经网络和支持向量机的客观化舌象和形体特征的辅助中医体质识别模型。结果 对平和质、气虚质、阴虚质和气淤质四种体质进行模型的训练和测试，结果表明融合舌象特征和形体特征的中医体质辨识模型能有效地辅助中医体质识别，且支持向量机对四种体质辨识效果总体上优于神经网络。结论 基于客观化的舌象特征和形体特征辅助中医体质辨识有利于提高中医体质辨识的客观化水平，合理选择机器学习算法可以提高中医体质辨识的准确性。     

复肾功方对慢性肾衰竭大鼠Wnt/β-catenin信号途径的影响

目的:观察复肾功方对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠分泌型糖蛋白(Wnt)/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号途径的影响,探讨其减少细胞外基质(ECM)的沉积,抗肾小管间质纤维化(TIF)及延缓CRF进展的作用机制。方法:将55只雄性SD大鼠随机将分为正常组,模型组,复肾功方低、中、高剂量组,每组11只。正常组常规饲养,其余4组大鼠则用腺嘌呤含量为0.5%的饲料建立CRF模型,连续喂养21 d。造模成功后所有大鼠改用常规饲料,正常组和模型组大鼠给予20 mL·kg~(-1)生理盐水灌胃;复肾功方低、中、高剂量组大鼠则按体质量分别灌胃4,8,16 g·kg~(-1)复肾功方水煎剂,1次/d,连续灌胃30 d。实验结束后,马松(Masson)染色观察大鼠肾组织病理形态学变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测肾组织Wnt4,β-catenin mRNA的表达,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肾组织Wnt4,β-catenin,基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)蛋白的表达,免疫组化检测肾组织Wnt4,β-catenin蛋白的表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肾小管间质纤维化明显增多,肾组织Wnt4,β-catenin mRNA及Wnt4,β-catenin,MMP-7蛋白的表达均显著升高(P0.01);与模型组比较,复肾功方各组大鼠肾组织Wnt4,β-catenin mRNA及Wnt4,β-catenin,MMP-7蛋白表达均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:复肾功方减少ECM的沉积、抗肾小管间质纤维化、延缓CRF进展可能与抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号途径的激活有关。     

138例儿童颅外恶性生殖细胞肿瘤临床研究

目的:研究儿童恶性生殖细胞瘤（malignant germ cell tumor，MGCT）的临床及预后特征。方法:回顾性分析1998年1月至2016年1月上海儿童医学中心收治的初发颅外MGCT患儿138例。对患儿的临床特点、疗效及预后做综合分析。结果:按病理分期，Ⅰ期患儿5年总生存期（overall survival，OS）OS为100.00%，Ⅱ期患儿5年为94.44%，Ⅲ期5年OS为96.43%，Ⅳ期5年OS为88.73%。多因素分析显示，病理分期对生存率的影响有统计学差异（P<0.01），年龄、性别及部位对于生存率的影响无显著统计学差异。本研究中共有13例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患儿接受手术后临床观察，有5例（38.5%）在2年内出现疾病复发进展的情况并接受化疗，目前均达到临床缓解。结论:通过以手术联合含铂类药物化疗并根据临床危险度的不同分层治疗MGCT瘤患儿，可得到较好的临床疗效。     

丝棉木种子化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性

目的 研究丝棉木Euonymus maackii Rupr.种子的化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性.方法 丝棉木种子95%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯部位采用硅胶、D101、反相HPLC进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定所得化合物的结构.MTT法测定其抗肿瘤活性.结果 从中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为1β-甲基正丁酰氧基-2β-苯甲酰氧基-4α-羟基-6α-呋喃酰氧基-9β,12-二乙酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(1)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,2β,8β-三苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(2)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正己酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(3)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正辛酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(4)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-正癸酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(5)、卫矛羰碱(6)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-2β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(7)、6α,9β,12-三乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-2β-羟基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(8)、6α,12-二乙酸基-1β,9 α-二乙酸(β-呋喃羧氧基)-4α-羟基-1β-2-甲基丁酯-β-二氢沉香呋喃(9)、6α,9β,12-四乙酰氧基-1β,8β-二苯甲酰氧基-β-二氢沉香呋喃(10).化合物6对Hela细胞有明显的抑制作用,IC50为9.76 μg/mL.结论 化合物1为新化合物.化合物6有一定的抗肿瘤活性.     

PP4R1 interacts with HMGA2 to promote non-small-cell lung cancer migration and metastasis via activating MAPK/ERK-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 1 (PP4R1) has been shown to play a role in the regulation of centrosome maturation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and tumor necrosis factor signaling. However, the function of PP4R1 in non-small-cell lung cancer remains unclear. In this study, we identify PP4R1 as an oncogene through Oncomine database mining and immunohistochemical staining, and we showed that PP4R1 is upregulated in lung cancer tissues as compared with that in normal lung tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, in vitro study by wound-healing and Transwell assay showed that PP4R1 could promote migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PP4R1 could cooperate with high mobility group AT-hook 2 and thereby promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via MAPK/extracellular receptor kinase activation. Taken together, our study provides a rich resource for understanding PP4R1 in lung cancer and indicates that PP4R1 may serve as a potential biomarker in lung cancer therapies.     

基于文献分析和分子对接法探讨化橘红防治新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的前景

目的探讨化橘红防治新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的前景,为化橘红的临床应用提供依据。方法通过文献查阅,对化橘红及其主要化学成分在祛痰、抗急性肺损伤、抗炎、抗肺纤维化、镇咳、抗氧化、抗肝损伤和抗肾损伤等方面的药理作用进行分析,并通过中药系统药理学平台(TCMSP)和查阅文献检索化橘红的化学成分,将各化学成分与血管紧张素转化酶Ⅱ(ACE2)、3CL水解酶(Mpro)、木瓜样蛋白酶(PLP)和树突状细胞特异性细胞间黏附分子-3结合非整合素因子(DC-SIGN)进行分子对接,预测其在抑制新型冠状病毒(SARS-Co V-2)病毒感染和复制方面的潜在活性。结果文献分析结果表明,化橘红及其主要化学成分具有祛痰、抗急性肺损伤、抗炎、抗肺纤维化、镇咳、抗氧化、抗肝损伤和抗肾损伤等多方面药理活性;分子对接结果表明,柚皮苷(naringin)、新橙皮苷(neohesperdin)、野漆树苷(rhoifolin)、枸橘苷(poncirin)和西托糖苷(sitogluside)与ACE2、MPro、PLP和DC-SIGN均具有较强的结合力,具有抑制SARS-CoV-2病毒感染宿主细胞和自我复制的潜在活性。结论化橘红既具有通过多种药理活性改善COVID-19病程进程的潜力,又可能通过作用于ACE2、MPro、PLP和DC-SIGN发挥抑制病毒感染宿主细胞及自我复制的作用。提示化橘红可能对COVID-19的防治具有积极作用。     

保留自主呼吸对于重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的影响：弊大于利

急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是临床上常见的以顽固性低氧为表现的呼吸功能不全或衰竭的综合征，肺不均一性是其主要病理生理特点。传统观点认为，保留ARDS患者自主呼吸有助于改善全身氧合。但是近年来发现，对于重度ARDS患者，保留患者自主呼吸会加重肺损伤，过强的自主呼吸会导致重度ARDS患者跨肺压升高、肺内气体摆动、肺水肿加重以及人机不同步，引起患者肺内炎症加重，氧合功能恶化，最终影响患者预后，增加病死率。本文就自主呼吸对重度ARDS患者呼吸功能的影响机制展开综述。     

RNA sequencing screening of differentially expressed genes after spinal cord injury

In the search for a therapeutic schedule for spinal cord injury, it is necessary to understand key genes and their corresponding regulatory networks involved in the spinal cord injury process. However, ad hoc selection and analysis of one or two genes cannot fully reveal the complex molecular biological mechanisms of spinal cord injury. The emergence of second-generation sequencing technology(RNA sequencing) has provided a better method. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to analyze differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury in rat models established by contusion of the eighth thoracic segment. The numbers of genes that changed significantly were 944, 1362 and 1421 at 1, 4 and 7 days after spinal cord injury respectively. After gene ontology analysis and temporal expression analysis of the differentially expressed genes, C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were then selected and identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. The mRNA expression trends of C5ar1, Socs3 and CCL6 genes were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Further verification and analysis of C5ar1 indicate that the level of protein expression of C5ar1 was consistent with its nucleic acid level after spinal cord injury. C5ar1 was mainly expressed in neurons and astrocytes. Finally, the gene Itgb2,which may be related to C5ar1, was found by Chilibot database and literature search. Immunofluorescence histochemical results showed that the expression of Itgb2 was highly consistent with that of C5ar1. Itgb2 was expressed in astrocytes. RNA sequencing technology can screen differentially expressed genes at different time points after spinal cord injury. Through analysis and verification, genes strongly associated with spinal cord injury can be screened. This can provide experimental data for further determining the molecular mechanism of spinal cord injury, and also provide possible targets for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This study was approved ethically by the Laboratory Animal Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Province, China(approval No. 2018-0306-001) on March 6, 2018.